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53/53 MCQs for:
GCE A-Level 2023
Which of the following is Oppositional inference?
Contraposition.
Inversion.
Conversion.
Contrariety.
Identify the form of education in which given (S is P) the derived becomes (non-P is non-S):
Conversion.
Inversion.
Contraposition.
Obversion.
Which fallacy is most clearly committed in the following argument., All teachers are politicians, All politicians are rebels. Therefore, all rebels are teachers?
Excluded premises.
Illicit minor.
Illicit major.
Undistributed middle.
Identify the Fallacy in the following syllogism: All neutrons are atomic sub-particles All neutrons are protons Therefore all protons are atomic sub-particles
Exclusive premises.
Illicit process of the major term.
Undistributed middle term.
Illicit process of the minor term.
Identify the Fallacy most clearly committed in the following argument. Adamu is an excellent driver because he has never had an accident.
Sequential false clause.
Missing the point.
Begging the question.
False clause.
Given the premise Either this examination is difficult or the candidates are lazy Identify the conclusion of a valid disjunctive syllogism:
The candidates are lazy.
The examination is not difficult.
The examination is difficult and the candidates are lazy.
The candidates are not lazy.
Identify the order of enthymeme in the following All humans are fallible and all popes are human
First order.
Third order.
Second order and Third order.
Second order.
A Sorites is considered Aristotelian because it is in:
Figure 1.
Figure 3.
Figure 2.
Figure 4.
The procedure of the dilemma which denies the first premise is:
Rebutting a dilemma.
Grasping the horns of a dilemma.
Escaping between the horns of a dilemma.
Refuting the dilemma.
The relation of the statement from p ⊃~ q on the truth-table is:
Contradictory.
Equivalent.
Tautologous.
Contingent.
A contingent compound statement means that:
It is always true.
It must not be true. cim.
It is sometimes true, sometimes false.
It is necessarily false.
The statement (A ∨ B) ≡ ~(A · ~B) can be adequately applicable to which rule of inference ?
DeMorgan's Theorem.
Associativity.
Tautology,.
Commutativity.
DeMorgan's Theorem establishes a rule for.
The equivalence of negation and implication.
The equivalence of Disjunction and Conjunction.
The equivalence Disjunction and negation.
The equivalence of conjunction and implication.
The following: 'Only women are traders' (Wx: x is woman); (Tx: x is a trader) is symbolised in predicate logic as:
(x) (Tx ⊃ Wx).
(∃x) (Wx · Tx).
(∃x) (Tx · Wx).
(x) (Wx ⊃ Tx).
In predicate logic symbolisation, parentheses around propositional functions means:
Variations are bound.
Variables are free.
Connectives are bound..
Constants are free.
Which of these is a religious function of myths?
Prescribe social reality.
Elevates man's intellect.
Teaches religious values.
Provides norms plus standard.
Monism is considered as a characteristic of the Pre-Socratics mainly because they:
Consider one substance as the 'Arche'.
Sought for the primary stuff of the universe.
Rejected mythological speculation.
Speculated about the universe.
Which of these doctrines is attributed to Protagoras?
'The man neither exist nothingness'.
'Man is the measure of all things…'.
Logos is a powerful master … accomplishes most divine deeds'.
'Justice is a matter of not transgressing what the law prescribes'.
Knowledge according to Socrates is gotten by a process of rational conversation known as the:
Dialectics.
Maieutic.
Elenchus.
Socratic irony.
In Plato's analogy of the Divided Line, which modes of thoughts are related respectively to images and the forms?
Imaging and thinking.
Belief and perfect intelligence.
Imaging and perfect intelligence.
Belief and thinking.
The being of a thing according to Aristotle is?
Substance.
Matter.
Metaphysics.
Form.
For Aquinas, Faith and Reason are:
Hierarchically dependent.
Independent of each other.
Mutually exclusive.
Mutually dependent.
According to Locke, the forms of experience are:
Sensation and Reflection.
Primary and secondary.
Sensation and intuition.
Demonstrative and intuitive.
The first indubitable truth discovered by Descartes' methodic doubt is:
Material things exist.
I am.
God exists.
I think therefore I am.
Anaximenes' insight is that:
Air can change its state.
Difference in the quality of our account for different kinds of things.
Evaporation and condensation are cyclic.
Difference in the quality of our account for the money existing things.
With Pythagoras, number is the 'Arche' because:
There are numbers in everything.
There is harmony in the universe.
Harmony results from numerical ratios.
All things are made of numbers.
Zeno's Achilles argument presupposes:
An Infinite divisibility of time and limitation of space.
An Infinite divisibility of space and limitations of time.
That space and time are finite.
That space and time are.
The shifting focus of the discourse of philosophy in Africa was prompted by:
Eboussi Boulaga's Problematique bantou.
Paulin Houtondji's African Philosophy. Myth or Reality.
Hegel's Philosophy of History.
Placide Tempels' Bantu Philosophy.
The thought systems of particular African communities considered as a philosophy can best be described as:
Professional philosophy.
Ethno-philosophy.
African sagacity.
African philosophy.
Which of Oruka's sages describes his notion of African wisdom?
The Ethnic sage.
The folk sage.
The philosophy sage.
The cultural sage.
Which of the following is critical of the Nationalist ideological trend of African philosophy?
It has a strictly political orientation.
It strives to promote African liberation.
It asserts the existence of a strictly African philosophy.
It focuses on the valorisation of the Africans.
Which of the following pairs were proponents of Pan-Africanism?
Kwasi Wiredu and Marcus Garvey.
Marcus Garvey and Paulin Hountondji.
William Du Bois and Kwame Nkurumah.
Kwasi Wiredu and William Du Bois.
Which Cameroonian philosopher was an ardent critic of ethno-philosophy?
Eboussi Boulaga.
Marcien Towa.
Juléat Basil Fouda.
Njoh Mouelle.
By asserting that Africans are notoriously religious, Mbiti meant that:
They believe in the existence of the supreme being.
Their world view is completely immersed in religious thinking.
They are pantheists.
They are essentially monotheists.
Critics of witchcraft generally focus their arguments on the fact that:
It is not based on empirical evidence.
It is open only to the initiated.
It is more psychological than real.
It is not based on universal principles.
Which of the following is FALSE about African epistemology?
Indigenous epistemology.
Social epistemology.
Normative epistemology.
Specific epistemology.
One of the distinguishing elements of Africa indigenous democracy is:
Absence of political parties.
Consensual deliberation.
The winner takes it all.
Experience of checks and balances.
One of the main distinctions between African and Western conception of personhood is:
Communitarian versus.
Individualistic versus relational.
Plural versus dual.
Hierarchical versus relational.
What is the relevance of African philosophy?
It has rejected Eurocentrism.
It has led to nationalist ideological thinking.
It has promoted African indigenous thinking.
It has led to conceptual decolonisation.
Two determinants of a moral act are?
Freedom and responsibility.
Willingness and volition.
Knowledge and volition.
Volition and responsibility.
When ignorance cannot be overcome it is called?
Invincible.
Consequent.
Antecedent.
Vincible.
Which of these is a WEAK argument against violence?
Violence checks off tyrannical systems.
The slippery slope argument.
Violence leads to destruction of the fabric of society.
Violence violates the sanity of life principles.
Which of the following is a negative function of the state?
The state defines the human being leading to human wellbeing.
The state guarantees the individual liberty.
The state exacts obedience and unconditional subordination.
The state is a control-valve of uncontrollable action.
The characteristics of Aristocracy and Tyranny respectively are:
Freedom and wealthy few.
Freedom for all and the wealthy few.
Private interest and Excellence.
Excellence and one man rule.
Codified laws governing societies adequately refers to:
National law.
External law.
Human law.
Positive law.
The assertion that everything in the universe has a soul is:
Pantheism.
Agnosticism.
Animism.
Deism.
The causal and design arguments for God's existence are described as:
Teleological and cosmological argument.
Cosmological and Ontological argument.
Cosmological and Teleological argument.
Teleological and Ontological argument.
Moral evil is rooted in:
Man's exercise of his responsibility.
God's abandonment of the universe.
God's goodness.
Man's exercise of his freewill.
Which doctrine holds that after the death of the body the soul is not certain to survive?
Transfiguration.
Immortality.
Metempsychosis.
Beatific vision.
To Peirce, the method by which thought can fix beliefs is the:
Method of science.
Method of tenacity.
Method of metaphysics.
Method of authority.
To say that 'the law is an impediment to human freedom' means:
Man is free in the presence of the law.
The law enhances one's freedom.
The law is an obstacle to human freedom.
The law promotes human freedom.
To say that philosophy makes an inquiry into all fundamental issues and questions will most correctly mean philosophy is:
Critical.
Skeptical.
Rational.
Analytical.
One of the fundamental values of philosophy is that:
It creates subversion in the individual.
It permits us to have informed religious beliefs.
It liberates the body from physical imprisonment.
It liberates the mind from prejudices.
