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53/53 MCQs for:
GCE A-Level 2023
Which of the following is Oppositional inference?
Contrariety.
Conversion.
Contraposition.
Inversion.
Identify the form of education in which given (S is P) the derived becomes (non-P is non-S):
Inversion.
Obversion.
Contraposition.
Conversion.
Which fallacy is most clearly committed in the following argument., All teachers are politicians, All politicians are rebels. Therefore, all rebels are teachers?
Illicit minor.
Illicit major.
Undistributed middle.
Excluded premises.
Identify the Fallacy in the following syllogism: All neutrons are atomic sub-particles All neutrons are protons Therefore all protons are atomic sub-particles
Illicit process of the major term.
Illicit process of the minor term.
Undistributed middle term.
Exclusive premises.
Identify the Fallacy most clearly committed in the following argument. Adamu is an excellent driver because he has never had an accident.
False clause.
Missing the point.
Begging the question.
Sequential false clause.
Given the premise Either this examination is difficult or the candidates are lazy Identify the conclusion of a valid disjunctive syllogism:
The examination is difficult and the candidates are lazy.
The examination is not difficult.
The candidates are not lazy.
The candidates are lazy.
Identify the order of enthymeme in the following All humans are fallible and all popes are human
Third order.
First order.
Second order.
Second order and Third order.
A Sorites is considered Aristotelian because it is in:
Figure 4.
Figure 1.
Figure 3.
Figure 2.
The procedure of the dilemma which denies the first premise is:
Refuting the dilemma.
Rebutting a dilemma.
Grasping the horns of a dilemma.
Escaping between the horns of a dilemma.
The relation of the statement from p ⊃~ q on the truth-table is:
Contingent.
Equivalent.
Contradictory.
Tautologous.
A contingent compound statement means that:
It is necessarily false.
It must not be true. cim.
It is always true.
It is sometimes true, sometimes false.
The statement (A ∨ B) ≡ ~(A · ~B) can be adequately applicable to which rule of inference ?
Tautology,.
Commutativity.
DeMorgan's Theorem.
Associativity.
DeMorgan's Theorem establishes a rule for.
The equivalence Disjunction and negation.
The equivalence of conjunction and implication.
The equivalence of Disjunction and Conjunction.
The equivalence of negation and implication.
The following: 'Only women are traders' (Wx: x is woman); (Tx: x is a trader) is symbolised in predicate logic as:
(∃x) (Wx · Tx).
(x) (Tx ⊃ Wx).
(x) (Wx ⊃ Tx).
(∃x) (Tx · Wx).
In predicate logic symbolisation, parentheses around propositional functions means:
Constants are free.
Variations are bound.
Variables are free.
Connectives are bound..
Which of these is a religious function of myths?
Prescribe social reality.
Teaches religious values.
Provides norms plus standard.
Elevates man's intellect.
Monism is considered as a characteristic of the Pre-Socratics mainly because they:
Speculated about the universe.
Rejected mythological speculation.
Consider one substance as the 'Arche'.
Sought for the primary stuff of the universe.
Which of these doctrines is attributed to Protagoras?
Logos is a powerful master … accomplishes most divine deeds'.
'Man is the measure of all things…'.
'The man neither exist nothingness'.
'Justice is a matter of not transgressing what the law prescribes'.
Knowledge according to Socrates is gotten by a process of rational conversation known as the:
Dialectics.
Maieutic.
Elenchus.
Socratic irony.
In Plato's analogy of the Divided Line, which modes of thoughts are related respectively to images and the forms?
Belief and thinking.
Imaging and thinking.
Belief and perfect intelligence.
Imaging and perfect intelligence.
The being of a thing according to Aristotle is?
Form.
Metaphysics.
Matter.
Substance.
For Aquinas, Faith and Reason are:
Mutually dependent.
Independent of each other.
Hierarchically dependent.
Mutually exclusive.
According to Locke, the forms of experience are:
Sensation and Reflection.
Sensation and intuition.
Demonstrative and intuitive.
Primary and secondary.
The first indubitable truth discovered by Descartes' methodic doubt is:
I am.
God exists.
Material things exist.
I think therefore I am.
Anaximenes' insight is that:
Air can change its state.
Difference in the quality of our account for different kinds of things.
Difference in the quality of our account for the money existing things.
Evaporation and condensation are cyclic.
With Pythagoras, number is the 'Arche' because:
There is harmony in the universe.
Harmony results from numerical ratios.
There are numbers in everything.
All things are made of numbers.
Zeno's Achilles argument presupposes:
That space and time are finite.
An Infinite divisibility of space and limitations of time.
An Infinite divisibility of time and limitation of space.
That space and time are.
The shifting focus of the discourse of philosophy in Africa was prompted by:
Paulin Houtondji's African Philosophy. Myth or Reality.
Hegel's Philosophy of History.
Eboussi Boulaga's Problematique bantou.
Placide Tempels' Bantu Philosophy.
The thought systems of particular African communities considered as a philosophy can best be described as:
African sagacity.
African philosophy.
Professional philosophy.
Ethno-philosophy.
Which of Oruka's sages describes his notion of African wisdom?
The Ethnic sage.
The folk sage.
The cultural sage.
The philosophy sage.
Which of the following is critical of the Nationalist ideological trend of African philosophy?
It focuses on the valorisation of the Africans.
It strives to promote African liberation.
It has a strictly political orientation.
It asserts the existence of a strictly African philosophy.
Which of the following pairs were proponents of Pan-Africanism?
Kwasi Wiredu and Marcus Garvey.
Marcus Garvey and Paulin Hountondji.
Kwasi Wiredu and William Du Bois.
William Du Bois and Kwame Nkurumah.
Which Cameroonian philosopher was an ardent critic of ethno-philosophy?
Marcien Towa.
Eboussi Boulaga.
Juléat Basil Fouda.
Njoh Mouelle.
By asserting that Africans are notoriously religious, Mbiti meant that:
Their world view is completely immersed in religious thinking.
They believe in the existence of the supreme being.
They are pantheists.
They are essentially monotheists.
Critics of witchcraft generally focus their arguments on the fact that:
It is more psychological than real.
It is not based on universal principles.
It is not based on empirical evidence.
It is open only to the initiated.
Which of the following is FALSE about African epistemology?
Indigenous epistemology.
Social epistemology.
Specific epistemology.
Normative epistemology.
One of the distinguishing elements of Africa indigenous democracy is:
The winner takes it all.
Consensual deliberation.
Experience of checks and balances.
Absence of political parties.
One of the main distinctions between African and Western conception of personhood is:
Hierarchical versus relational.
Individualistic versus relational.
Communitarian versus.
Plural versus dual.
What is the relevance of African philosophy?
It has led to conceptual decolonisation.
It has led to nationalist ideological thinking.
It has rejected Eurocentrism.
It has promoted African indigenous thinking.
Two determinants of a moral act are?
Knowledge and volition.
Willingness and volition.
Volition and responsibility.
Freedom and responsibility.
When ignorance cannot be overcome it is called?
Invincible.
Consequent.
Vincible.
Antecedent.
Which of these is a WEAK argument against violence?
Violence violates the sanity of life principles.
The slippery slope argument.
Violence checks off tyrannical systems.
Violence leads to destruction of the fabric of society.
Which of the following is a negative function of the state?
The state guarantees the individual liberty.
The state is a control-valve of uncontrollable action.
The state defines the human being leading to human wellbeing.
The state exacts obedience and unconditional subordination.
The characteristics of Aristocracy and Tyranny respectively are:
Freedom for all and the wealthy few.
Excellence and one man rule.
Private interest and Excellence.
Freedom and wealthy few.
Codified laws governing societies adequately refers to:
Positive law.
Human law.
External law.
National law.
The assertion that everything in the universe has a soul is:
Pantheism.
Animism.
Deism.
Agnosticism.
The causal and design arguments for God's existence are described as:
Cosmological and Ontological argument.
Cosmological and Teleological argument.
Teleological and cosmological argument.
Teleological and Ontological argument.
Moral evil is rooted in:
Man's exercise of his responsibility.
God's goodness.
God's abandonment of the universe.
Man's exercise of his freewill.
Which doctrine holds that after the death of the body the soul is not certain to survive?
Transfiguration.
Metempsychosis.
Beatific vision.
Immortality.
To Peirce, the method by which thought can fix beliefs is the:
Method of authority.
Method of metaphysics.
Method of tenacity.
Method of science.
To say that 'the law is an impediment to human freedom' means:
The law is an obstacle to human freedom.
Man is free in the presence of the law.
The law enhances one's freedom.
The law promotes human freedom.
To say that philosophy makes an inquiry into all fundamental issues and questions will most correctly mean philosophy is:
Skeptical.
Analytical.
Critical.
Rational.
One of the fundamental values of philosophy is that:
It permits us to have informed religious beliefs.
It liberates the body from physical imprisonment.
It creates subversion in the individual.
It liberates the mind from prejudices.