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53/53 MCQs for:
GCE A-Level 2023
Which of the following is Oppositional inference?
Conversion.
Inversion.
Contraposition.
Contrariety.
Identify the form of education in which given (S is P) the derived becomes (non-P is non-S):
Conversion.
Inversion.
Obversion.
Contraposition.
Which fallacy is most clearly committed in the following argument., All teachers are politicians, All politicians are rebels. Therefore, all rebels are teachers?
Undistributed middle.
Illicit minor.
Illicit major.
Excluded premises.
Identify the Fallacy in the following syllogism: All neutrons are atomic sub-particles All neutrons are protons Therefore all protons are atomic sub-particles
Illicit process of the major term.
Undistributed middle term.
Illicit process of the minor term.
Exclusive premises.
Identify the Fallacy most clearly committed in the following argument. Adamu is an excellent driver because he has never had an accident.
Sequential false clause.
False clause.
Missing the point.
Begging the question.
Given the premise Either this examination is difficult or the candidates are lazy Identify the conclusion of a valid disjunctive syllogism:
The examination is difficult and the candidates are lazy.
The examination is not difficult.
The candidates are lazy.
The candidates are not lazy.
Identify the order of enthymeme in the following All humans are fallible and all popes are human
Second order and Third order.
Second order.
First order.
Third order.
A Sorites is considered Aristotelian because it is in:
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 4.
Figure 3.
The procedure of the dilemma which denies the first premise is:
Refuting the dilemma.
Rebutting a dilemma.
Grasping the horns of a dilemma.
Escaping between the horns of a dilemma.
The relation of the statement from p ⊃~ q on the truth-table is:
Equivalent.
Tautologous.
Contradictory.
Contingent.
A contingent compound statement means that:
It is sometimes true, sometimes false.
It is necessarily false.
It must not be true. cim.
It is always true.
The statement (A ∨ B) ≡ ~(A · ~B) can be adequately applicable to which rule of inference ?
Associativity.
Commutativity.
DeMorgan's Theorem.
Tautology,.
DeMorgan's Theorem establishes a rule for.
The equivalence Disjunction and negation.
The equivalence of Disjunction and Conjunction.
The equivalence of conjunction and implication.
The equivalence of negation and implication.
The following: 'Only women are traders' (Wx: x is woman); (Tx: x is a trader) is symbolised in predicate logic as:
(x) (Wx ⊃ Tx).
(∃x) (Tx · Wx).
(x) (Tx ⊃ Wx).
(∃x) (Wx · Tx).
In predicate logic symbolisation, parentheses around propositional functions means:
Variables are free.
Variations are bound.
Connectives are bound..
Constants are free.
Which of these is a religious function of myths?
Provides norms plus standard.
Prescribe social reality.
Elevates man's intellect.
Teaches religious values.
Monism is considered as a characteristic of the Pre-Socratics mainly because they:
Consider one substance as the 'Arche'.
Speculated about the universe.
Sought for the primary stuff of the universe.
Rejected mythological speculation.
Which of these doctrines is attributed to Protagoras?
'Justice is a matter of not transgressing what the law prescribes'.
'Man is the measure of all things…'.
'The man neither exist nothingness'.
Logos is a powerful master … accomplishes most divine deeds'.
Knowledge according to Socrates is gotten by a process of rational conversation known as the:
Dialectics.
Elenchus.
Socratic irony.
Maieutic.
In Plato's analogy of the Divided Line, which modes of thoughts are related respectively to images and the forms?
Belief and perfect intelligence.
Belief and thinking.
Imaging and perfect intelligence.
Imaging and thinking.
The being of a thing according to Aristotle is?
Metaphysics.
Substance.
Form.
Matter.
For Aquinas, Faith and Reason are:
Mutually exclusive.
Independent of each other.
Mutually dependent.
Hierarchically dependent.
According to Locke, the forms of experience are:
Sensation and intuition.
Sensation and Reflection.
Demonstrative and intuitive.
Primary and secondary.
The first indubitable truth discovered by Descartes' methodic doubt is:
I am.
I think therefore I am.
Material things exist.
God exists.
Anaximenes' insight is that:
Difference in the quality of our account for the money existing things.
Difference in the quality of our account for different kinds of things.
Evaporation and condensation are cyclic.
Air can change its state.
With Pythagoras, number is the 'Arche' because:
Harmony results from numerical ratios.
All things are made of numbers.
There are numbers in everything.
There is harmony in the universe.
Zeno's Achilles argument presupposes:
An Infinite divisibility of space and limitations of time.
An Infinite divisibility of time and limitation of space.
That space and time are finite.
That space and time are.
The shifting focus of the discourse of philosophy in Africa was prompted by:
Paulin Houtondji's African Philosophy. Myth or Reality.
Placide Tempels' Bantu Philosophy.
Hegel's Philosophy of History.
Eboussi Boulaga's Problematique bantou.
The thought systems of particular African communities considered as a philosophy can best be described as:
Ethno-philosophy.
Professional philosophy.
African sagacity.
African philosophy.
Which of Oruka's sages describes his notion of African wisdom?
The Ethnic sage.
The folk sage.
The cultural sage.
The philosophy sage.
Which of the following is critical of the Nationalist ideological trend of African philosophy?
It asserts the existence of a strictly African philosophy.
It focuses on the valorisation of the Africans.
It strives to promote African liberation.
It has a strictly political orientation.
Which of the following pairs were proponents of Pan-Africanism?
Kwasi Wiredu and Marcus Garvey.
Marcus Garvey and Paulin Hountondji.
William Du Bois and Kwame Nkurumah.
Kwasi Wiredu and William Du Bois.
Which Cameroonian philosopher was an ardent critic of ethno-philosophy?
Marcien Towa.
Njoh Mouelle.
Juléat Basil Fouda.
Eboussi Boulaga.
By asserting that Africans are notoriously religious, Mbiti meant that:
Their world view is completely immersed in religious thinking.
They are pantheists.
They are essentially monotheists.
They believe in the existence of the supreme being.
Critics of witchcraft generally focus their arguments on the fact that:
It is not based on empirical evidence.
It is not based on universal principles.
It is more psychological than real.
It is open only to the initiated.
Which of the following is FALSE about African epistemology?
Social epistemology.
Normative epistemology.
Indigenous epistemology.
Specific epistemology.
One of the distinguishing elements of Africa indigenous democracy is:
Consensual deliberation.
Absence of political parties.
The winner takes it all.
Experience of checks and balances.
One of the main distinctions between African and Western conception of personhood is:
Plural versus dual.
Individualistic versus relational.
Communitarian versus.
Hierarchical versus relational.
What is the relevance of African philosophy?
It has led to nationalist ideological thinking.
It has rejected Eurocentrism.
It has promoted African indigenous thinking.
It has led to conceptual decolonisation.
Two determinants of a moral act are?
Knowledge and volition.
Willingness and volition.
Volition and responsibility.
Freedom and responsibility.
When ignorance cannot be overcome it is called?
Consequent.
Vincible.
Antecedent.
Invincible.
Which of these is a WEAK argument against violence?
Violence checks off tyrannical systems.
Violence leads to destruction of the fabric of society.
The slippery slope argument.
Violence violates the sanity of life principles.
Which of the following is a negative function of the state?
The state guarantees the individual liberty.
The state is a control-valve of uncontrollable action.
The state exacts obedience and unconditional subordination.
The state defines the human being leading to human wellbeing.
The characteristics of Aristocracy and Tyranny respectively are:
Freedom and wealthy few.
Private interest and Excellence.
Excellence and one man rule.
Freedom for all and the wealthy few.
Codified laws governing societies adequately refers to:
Positive law.
National law.
Human law.
External law.
The assertion that everything in the universe has a soul is:
Agnosticism.
Animism.
Deism.
Pantheism.
The causal and design arguments for God's existence are described as:
Cosmological and Ontological argument.
Teleological and Ontological argument.
Teleological and cosmological argument.
Cosmological and Teleological argument.
Moral evil is rooted in:
Man's exercise of his freewill.
God's goodness.
God's abandonment of the universe.
Man's exercise of his responsibility.
Which doctrine holds that after the death of the body the soul is not certain to survive?
Beatific vision.
Immortality.
Transfiguration.
Metempsychosis.
To Peirce, the method by which thought can fix beliefs is the:
Method of authority.
Method of science.
Method of tenacity.
Method of metaphysics.
To say that 'the law is an impediment to human freedom' means:
The law enhances one's freedom.
The law promotes human freedom.
The law is an obstacle to human freedom.
Man is free in the presence of the law.
To say that philosophy makes an inquiry into all fundamental issues and questions will most correctly mean philosophy is:
Analytical.
Skeptical.
Rational.
Critical.
One of the fundamental values of philosophy is that:
It permits us to have informed religious beliefs.
It creates subversion in the individual.
It liberates the body from physical imprisonment.
It liberates the mind from prejudices.
