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53/53 MCQs for:
GCE A-Level 2023
Which of the following is Oppositional inference?
Contraposition.
Conversion.
Inversion.
Contrariety.
Identify the form of education in which given (S is P) the derived becomes (non-P is non-S):
Obversion.
Conversion.
Contraposition.
Inversion.
Which fallacy is most clearly committed in the following argument., All teachers are politicians, All politicians are rebels. Therefore, all rebels are teachers?
Illicit major.
Undistributed middle.
Excluded premises.
Illicit minor.
Identify the Fallacy in the following syllogism: All neutrons are atomic sub-particles All neutrons are protons Therefore all protons are atomic sub-particles
Illicit process of the major term.
Exclusive premises.
Illicit process of the minor term.
Undistributed middle term.
Identify the Fallacy most clearly committed in the following argument. Adamu is an excellent driver because he has never had an accident.
False clause.
Missing the point.
Begging the question.
Sequential false clause.
Given the premise Either this examination is difficult or the candidates are lazy Identify the conclusion of a valid disjunctive syllogism:
The examination is difficult and the candidates are lazy.
The examination is not difficult.
The candidates are not lazy.
The candidates are lazy.
Identify the order of enthymeme in the following All humans are fallible and all popes are human
Second order and Third order.
Third order.
First order.
Second order.
A Sorites is considered Aristotelian because it is in:
Figure 1.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 2.
The procedure of the dilemma which denies the first premise is:
Refuting the dilemma.
Escaping between the horns of a dilemma.
Rebutting a dilemma.
Grasping the horns of a dilemma.
The relation of the statement from p ⊃~ q on the truth-table is:
Equivalent.
Tautologous.
Contingent.
Contradictory.
A contingent compound statement means that:
It is necessarily false.
It must not be true. cim.
It is always true.
It is sometimes true, sometimes false.
The statement (A ∨ B) ≡ ~(A · ~B) can be adequately applicable to which rule of inference ?
Tautology,.
Associativity.
Commutativity.
DeMorgan's Theorem.
DeMorgan's Theorem establishes a rule for.
The equivalence of conjunction and implication.
The equivalence of Disjunction and Conjunction.
The equivalence Disjunction and negation.
The equivalence of negation and implication.
The following: 'Only women are traders' (Wx: x is woman); (Tx: x is a trader) is symbolised in predicate logic as:
(∃x) (Tx · Wx).
(x) (Wx ⊃ Tx).
(x) (Tx ⊃ Wx).
(∃x) (Wx · Tx).
In predicate logic symbolisation, parentheses around propositional functions means:
Variables are free.
Constants are free.
Variations are bound.
Connectives are bound..
Which of these is a religious function of myths?
Teaches religious values.
Elevates man's intellect.
Prescribe social reality.
Provides norms plus standard.
Monism is considered as a characteristic of the Pre-Socratics mainly because they:
Sought for the primary stuff of the universe.
Speculated about the universe.
Consider one substance as the 'Arche'.
Rejected mythological speculation.
Which of these doctrines is attributed to Protagoras?
'Man is the measure of all things…'.
Logos is a powerful master … accomplishes most divine deeds'.
'Justice is a matter of not transgressing what the law prescribes'.
'The man neither exist nothingness'.
Knowledge according to Socrates is gotten by a process of rational conversation known as the:
Maieutic.
Socratic irony.
Dialectics.
Elenchus.
In Plato's analogy of the Divided Line, which modes of thoughts are related respectively to images and the forms?
Belief and perfect intelligence.
Imaging and thinking.
Imaging and perfect intelligence.
Belief and thinking.
The being of a thing according to Aristotle is?
Substance.
Form.
Metaphysics.
Matter.
For Aquinas, Faith and Reason are:
Mutually dependent.
Hierarchically dependent.
Mutually exclusive.
Independent of each other.
According to Locke, the forms of experience are:
Sensation and Reflection.
Sensation and intuition.
Primary and secondary.
Demonstrative and intuitive.
The first indubitable truth discovered by Descartes' methodic doubt is:
God exists.
I think therefore I am.
I am.
Material things exist.
Anaximenes' insight is that:
Air can change its state.
Evaporation and condensation are cyclic.
Difference in the quality of our account for the money existing things.
Difference in the quality of our account for different kinds of things.
With Pythagoras, number is the 'Arche' because:
There is harmony in the universe.
All things are made of numbers.
Harmony results from numerical ratios.
There are numbers in everything.
Zeno's Achilles argument presupposes:
An Infinite divisibility of time and limitation of space.
An Infinite divisibility of space and limitations of time.
That space and time are finite.
That space and time are.
The shifting focus of the discourse of philosophy in Africa was prompted by:
Placide Tempels' Bantu Philosophy.
Eboussi Boulaga's Problematique bantou.
Hegel's Philosophy of History.
Paulin Houtondji's African Philosophy. Myth or Reality.
The thought systems of particular African communities considered as a philosophy can best be described as:
Professional philosophy.
African philosophy.
African sagacity.
Ethno-philosophy.
Which of Oruka's sages describes his notion of African wisdom?
The folk sage.
The philosophy sage.
The Ethnic sage.
The cultural sage.
Which of the following is critical of the Nationalist ideological trend of African philosophy?
It strives to promote African liberation.
It has a strictly political orientation.
It asserts the existence of a strictly African philosophy.
It focuses on the valorisation of the Africans.
Which of the following pairs were proponents of Pan-Africanism?
Kwasi Wiredu and William Du Bois.
William Du Bois and Kwame Nkurumah.
Marcus Garvey and Paulin Hountondji.
Kwasi Wiredu and Marcus Garvey.
Which Cameroonian philosopher was an ardent critic of ethno-philosophy?
Juléat Basil Fouda.
Njoh Mouelle.
Marcien Towa.
Eboussi Boulaga.
By asserting that Africans are notoriously religious, Mbiti meant that:
They believe in the existence of the supreme being.
Their world view is completely immersed in religious thinking.
They are essentially monotheists.
They are pantheists.
Critics of witchcraft generally focus their arguments on the fact that:
It is not based on empirical evidence.
It is not based on universal principles.
It is more psychological than real.
It is open only to the initiated.
Which of the following is FALSE about African epistemology?
Social epistemology.
Normative epistemology.
Specific epistemology.
Indigenous epistemology.
One of the distinguishing elements of Africa indigenous democracy is:
Experience of checks and balances.
The winner takes it all.
Absence of political parties.
Consensual deliberation.
One of the main distinctions between African and Western conception of personhood is:
Communitarian versus.
Hierarchical versus relational.
Plural versus dual.
Individualistic versus relational.
What is the relevance of African philosophy?
It has promoted African indigenous thinking.
It has rejected Eurocentrism.
It has led to conceptual decolonisation.
It has led to nationalist ideological thinking.
Two determinants of a moral act are?
Freedom and responsibility.
Knowledge and volition.
Willingness and volition.
Volition and responsibility.
When ignorance cannot be overcome it is called?
Consequent.
Vincible.
Invincible.
Antecedent.
Which of these is a WEAK argument against violence?
Violence leads to destruction of the fabric of society.
The slippery slope argument.
Violence checks off tyrannical systems.
Violence violates the sanity of life principles.
Which of the following is a negative function of the state?
The state exacts obedience and unconditional subordination.
The state defines the human being leading to human wellbeing.
The state guarantees the individual liberty.
The state is a control-valve of uncontrollable action.
The characteristics of Aristocracy and Tyranny respectively are:
Excellence and one man rule.
Freedom for all and the wealthy few.
Freedom and wealthy few.
Private interest and Excellence.
Codified laws governing societies adequately refers to:
External law.
Human law.
Positive law.
National law.
The assertion that everything in the universe has a soul is:
Agnosticism.
Pantheism.
Animism.
Deism.
The causal and design arguments for God's existence are described as:
Cosmological and Teleological argument.
Cosmological and Ontological argument.
Teleological and cosmological argument.
Teleological and Ontological argument.
Moral evil is rooted in:
Man's exercise of his freewill.
God's goodness.
God's abandonment of the universe.
Man's exercise of his responsibility.
Which doctrine holds that after the death of the body the soul is not certain to survive?
Beatific vision.
Immortality.
Metempsychosis.
Transfiguration.
To Peirce, the method by which thought can fix beliefs is the:
Method of metaphysics.
Method of authority.
Method of tenacity.
Method of science.
To say that 'the law is an impediment to human freedom' means:
The law promotes human freedom.
Man is free in the presence of the law.
The law is an obstacle to human freedom.
The law enhances one's freedom.
To say that philosophy makes an inquiry into all fundamental issues and questions will most correctly mean philosophy is:
Analytical.
Rational.
Critical.
Skeptical.
One of the fundamental values of philosophy is that:
It permits us to have informed religious beliefs.
It liberates the mind from prejudices.
It liberates the body from physical imprisonment.
It creates subversion in the individual.
