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53/53 MCQs for:
GCE A-Level 2023
Which of the following is Oppositional inference?
Contrariety.
Contraposition.
Inversion.
Conversion.
Identify the form of education in which given (S is P) the derived becomes (non-P is non-S):
Inversion.
Contraposition.
Conversion.
Obversion.
Which fallacy is most clearly committed in the following argument., All teachers are politicians, All politicians are rebels. Therefore, all rebels are teachers?
Illicit minor.
Excluded premises.
Illicit major.
Undistributed middle.
Identify the Fallacy in the following syllogism: All neutrons are atomic sub-particles All neutrons are protons Therefore all protons are atomic sub-particles
Exclusive premises.
Illicit process of the minor term.
Undistributed middle term.
Illicit process of the major term.
Identify the Fallacy most clearly committed in the following argument. Adamu is an excellent driver because he has never had an accident.
Sequential false clause.
Missing the point.
False clause.
Begging the question.
Given the premise Either this examination is difficult or the candidates are lazy Identify the conclusion of a valid disjunctive syllogism:
The examination is not difficult.
The candidates are not lazy.
The candidates are lazy.
The examination is difficult and the candidates are lazy.
Identify the order of enthymeme in the following All humans are fallible and all popes are human
First order.
Second order and Third order.
Second order.
Third order.
A Sorites is considered Aristotelian because it is in:
Figure 1.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 2.
The procedure of the dilemma which denies the first premise is:
Rebutting a dilemma.
Refuting the dilemma.
Grasping the horns of a dilemma.
Escaping between the horns of a dilemma.
The relation of the statement from p ⊃~ q on the truth-table is:
Tautologous.
Contradictory.
Equivalent.
Contingent.
A contingent compound statement means that:
It is necessarily false.
It must not be true. cim.
It is sometimes true, sometimes false.
It is always true.
The statement (A ∨ B) ≡ ~(A · ~B) can be adequately applicable to which rule of inference ?
Tautology,.
Commutativity.
Associativity.
DeMorgan's Theorem.
DeMorgan's Theorem establishes a rule for.
The equivalence of Disjunction and Conjunction.
The equivalence of negation and implication.
The equivalence Disjunction and negation.
The equivalence of conjunction and implication.
The following: 'Only women are traders' (Wx: x is woman); (Tx: x is a trader) is symbolised in predicate logic as:
(∃x) (Tx · Wx).
(∃x) (Wx · Tx).
(x) (Tx ⊃ Wx).
(x) (Wx ⊃ Tx).
In predicate logic symbolisation, parentheses around propositional functions means:
Constants are free.
Connectives are bound..
Variations are bound.
Variables are free.
Which of these is a religious function of myths?
Provides norms plus standard.
Teaches religious values.
Elevates man's intellect.
Prescribe social reality.
Monism is considered as a characteristic of the Pre-Socratics mainly because they:
Rejected mythological speculation.
Sought for the primary stuff of the universe.
Speculated about the universe.
Consider one substance as the 'Arche'.
Which of these doctrines is attributed to Protagoras?
'The man neither exist nothingness'.
Logos is a powerful master … accomplishes most divine deeds'.
'Justice is a matter of not transgressing what the law prescribes'.
'Man is the measure of all things…'.
Knowledge according to Socrates is gotten by a process of rational conversation known as the:
Elenchus.
Dialectics.
Maieutic.
Socratic irony.
In Plato's analogy of the Divided Line, which modes of thoughts are related respectively to images and the forms?
Imaging and perfect intelligence.
Imaging and thinking.
Belief and thinking.
Belief and perfect intelligence.
The being of a thing according to Aristotle is?
Form.
Substance.
Metaphysics.
Matter.
For Aquinas, Faith and Reason are:
Hierarchically dependent.
Mutually dependent.
Independent of each other.
Mutually exclusive.
According to Locke, the forms of experience are:
Primary and secondary.
Sensation and intuition.
Demonstrative and intuitive.
Sensation and Reflection.
The first indubitable truth discovered by Descartes' methodic doubt is:
God exists.
I think therefore I am.
Material things exist.
I am.
Anaximenes' insight is that:
Difference in the quality of our account for different kinds of things.
Difference in the quality of our account for the money existing things.
Air can change its state.
Evaporation and condensation are cyclic.
With Pythagoras, number is the 'Arche' because:
Harmony results from numerical ratios.
There is harmony in the universe.
There are numbers in everything.
All things are made of numbers.
Zeno's Achilles argument presupposes:
That space and time are.
An Infinite divisibility of time and limitation of space.
An Infinite divisibility of space and limitations of time.
That space and time are finite.
The shifting focus of the discourse of philosophy in Africa was prompted by:
Paulin Houtondji's African Philosophy. Myth or Reality.
Placide Tempels' Bantu Philosophy.
Hegel's Philosophy of History.
Eboussi Boulaga's Problematique bantou.
The thought systems of particular African communities considered as a philosophy can best be described as:
Ethno-philosophy.
African philosophy.
Professional philosophy.
African sagacity.
Which of Oruka's sages describes his notion of African wisdom?
The cultural sage.
The Ethnic sage.
The folk sage.
The philosophy sage.
Which of the following is critical of the Nationalist ideological trend of African philosophy?
It strives to promote African liberation.
It asserts the existence of a strictly African philosophy.
It focuses on the valorisation of the Africans.
It has a strictly political orientation.
Which of the following pairs were proponents of Pan-Africanism?
Kwasi Wiredu and Marcus Garvey.
Marcus Garvey and Paulin Hountondji.
William Du Bois and Kwame Nkurumah.
Kwasi Wiredu and William Du Bois.
Which Cameroonian philosopher was an ardent critic of ethno-philosophy?
Eboussi Boulaga.
Njoh Mouelle.
Juléat Basil Fouda.
Marcien Towa.
By asserting that Africans are notoriously religious, Mbiti meant that:
They are essentially monotheists.
They believe in the existence of the supreme being.
Their world view is completely immersed in religious thinking.
They are pantheists.
Critics of witchcraft generally focus their arguments on the fact that:
It is open only to the initiated.
It is more psychological than real.
It is not based on empirical evidence.
It is not based on universal principles.
Which of the following is FALSE about African epistemology?
Social epistemology.
Normative epistemology.
Indigenous epistemology.
Specific epistemology.
One of the distinguishing elements of Africa indigenous democracy is:
The winner takes it all.
Consensual deliberation.
Experience of checks and balances.
Absence of political parties.
One of the main distinctions between African and Western conception of personhood is:
Plural versus dual.
Individualistic versus relational.
Communitarian versus.
Hierarchical versus relational.
What is the relevance of African philosophy?
It has led to conceptual decolonisation.
It has led to nationalist ideological thinking.
It has promoted African indigenous thinking.
It has rejected Eurocentrism.
Two determinants of a moral act are?
Freedom and responsibility.
Knowledge and volition.
Willingness and volition.
Volition and responsibility.
When ignorance cannot be overcome it is called?
Invincible.
Vincible.
Antecedent.
Consequent.
Which of these is a WEAK argument against violence?
Violence leads to destruction of the fabric of society.
Violence violates the sanity of life principles.
The slippery slope argument.
Violence checks off tyrannical systems.
Which of the following is a negative function of the state?
The state guarantees the individual liberty.
The state is a control-valve of uncontrollable action.
The state exacts obedience and unconditional subordination.
The state defines the human being leading to human wellbeing.
The characteristics of Aristocracy and Tyranny respectively are:
Freedom for all and the wealthy few.
Freedom and wealthy few.
Excellence and one man rule.
Private interest and Excellence.
Codified laws governing societies adequately refers to:
Human law.
National law.
Positive law.
External law.
The assertion that everything in the universe has a soul is:
Agnosticism.
Deism.
Pantheism.
Animism.
The causal and design arguments for God's existence are described as:
Teleological and cosmological argument.
Cosmological and Teleological argument.
Cosmological and Ontological argument.
Teleological and Ontological argument.
Moral evil is rooted in:
Man's exercise of his freewill.
God's abandonment of the universe.
God's goodness.
Man's exercise of his responsibility.
Which doctrine holds that after the death of the body the soul is not certain to survive?
Metempsychosis.
Transfiguration.
Beatific vision.
Immortality.
To Peirce, the method by which thought can fix beliefs is the:
Method of authority.
Method of science.
Method of metaphysics.
Method of tenacity.
To say that 'the law is an impediment to human freedom' means:
The law enhances one's freedom.
Man is free in the presence of the law.
The law promotes human freedom.
The law is an obstacle to human freedom.
To say that philosophy makes an inquiry into all fundamental issues and questions will most correctly mean philosophy is:
Skeptical.
Analytical.
Rational.
Critical.
One of the fundamental values of philosophy is that:
It creates subversion in the individual.
It liberates the mind from prejudices.
It liberates the body from physical imprisonment.
It permits us to have informed religious beliefs.
